{"id":171,"date":"2019-02-01T12:17:11","date_gmt":"2019-02-01T11:17:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martell.bc.cas.cz\/na-hlavu\/?page_id=171"},"modified":"2019-02-01T13:53:24","modified_gmt":"2019-02-01T12:53:24","slug":"hlavate-vrby","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/martell.bc.cas.cz\/na-hlavu\/index.php\/hlavate-vrby\/","title":{"rendered":"Hlavat\u00e9 vrby"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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Co je hlavat\u00fd strom?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n

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Hlavat\u00e9 stromy jsou stromy, kter\u00e9 v d\u016fsledku pravideln\u00e9ho o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btv\u00ed takzvan\u011b \u201ena hlavu\u201c vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, na horn\u00edm konci \u010dasto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd, zdu\u0159el\u00fd kmen. Z t\u00e9to \u201ehlavy\u201c pak rostou vzh\u016fru pruty nebo v\u011btve. Jde o strom vytvarovan\u00fd pravideln\u00fdm o\u0159ezem, nikoli zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed druh vrby. N\u011bkdy se hlavat\u00e9 vrby ozna\u010duj\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako vrby \u201ebabky<\/strong>\u201c. T\u00edmto tradi\u010dn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem p\u00e9\u010de byly d\u0159\u00edve o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1ny nejen vrby, ale i mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed listnat\u00e9 stromy, topoly, l\u00edpy, jasany, javory, habry, moru\u0161ovn\u00edky nebo dokonce i duby. Zcela b\u011b\u017en\u011b se nap\u0159\u00edklad setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s o\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00fdmi stromy ve m\u011bstech nebo na n\u00e1vs\u00edch obc\u00ed, kde o\u0159ez slou\u017e\u00ed k estetick\u00fdm, ale i \u010dist\u011b praktick\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, nap\u0159. z d\u016fvodu omezen\u00ed r\u016fstu strom\u016f v m\u00edstech, kde by jejich v\u011btve mohly vadit elekterick\u00fdm rozvod\u016fm, trolej\u00edm, apod. I kdy\u017e se od tohoto zp\u016fsobu hospoda\u0159en\u00ed do velk\u00e9 m\u00edry upustilo, lze dodnes na mnoha vzrostl\u00fdch stromech pozorovat zn\u00e1mky b\u00fdval\u00e9ho o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (v\u00edce zde<\/a>). Pravideln\u00fd o\u0159ez listnat\u00fdm strom\u016fm kupodivu nevad\u00ed. Naopak se d\u00edky n\u011bmu \u010dasto do\u017eij\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku ne\u017e neo\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 stromy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u010cerstv\u011b o\u0159ezan\u00e1 hlavat\u00e1 vrba. Interval o\u0159ezu v\u011btv\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Proutka\u0159sk\u00e9 vrby se zpravidla o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1j\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd rok, p\u0159i del\u0161\u00edm intervalu o\u0159ezu, nap\u0159. kolem 7 let, lze z\u00edskat i d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed do kamen. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdznam hlavat\u00fdch vrb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 vrby maj\u00ed nesm\u00edrn\u00fd\nkulturn\u00ed a biologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Jsou \u017eiv\u00fdm d\u016fkazem v\u00fdhodn\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed mezi\n\u010dlov\u011bkem a p\u0159\u00edrodou. V t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bezles\u00fdch n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch hlavat\u00e9 stromy poskytovaly \u010dlov\u011bku\nd\u0159evo a krmivo pro dobytek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Star\u00e1 vrbovna u Rajhradu (ji\u017en\u00ed Morava). Vrby jsou pravideln\u011b o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1ny, co\u017e jim prodlu\u017euje \u017eivot. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b absence mlad\u0161\u00edch strom\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v budoucnu v\u00e9st k postupn\u00e9mu z\u00e1nku vrbovny.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V\no\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00fdch stromech \u010dasto vznikaj\u00ed dutiny. Ty vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mnoz\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00ed\n\u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, nap\u0159\u00edklad brouk p\u00e1chn\u00edk hn\u011bd\u00fd nebo vym\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed sova s\u00fd\u010dek obecn\u00fd. V\nzem\u011bd\u011blsky intenzivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9, bezles\u00e9 krajin\u011b o\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 stromy umo\u017e\u0148ovaly, a\nm\u00edsty dodnes umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed, p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt mnoha vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm a mizej\u00edc\u00edm tvor\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pokud jsou vrby pravideln\u011b o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1ny, mohou se do\u017e\u00edt vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku, ne\u017e kdyby o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1ny nebyly. Mohou tak dor\u016fst \u00factyhodn\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f. Nav\u00edc uvnit\u0159 kmene se \u010dasto vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dutina, kter\u00e1 poskytuje \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b rozmanit\u00e9 faun\u011b, pt\u00e1k\u016fm, netop\u00fdr\u016fm \u010di brouk\u016f. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Do pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20. stolet\u00ed byly\nhlavat\u00e9 vrby b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 krajiny. Vrbov\u00e9 v\u011btve rostou velmi\nrychle a o\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 vrby ka\u017ed\u00fdch n\u011bkolik let vydaj\u00ed p\u011bkn\u00fdch p\u00e1r pol\u00ednek do\nkamen. I kdy\u017e je vrbov\u00e9 d\u0159evo m\u00e1lo v\u00fdh\u0159evn\u00e9, v intenzivn\u011b obd\u011bl\u00e1van\u00fdch\noblastech n\u00ed\u017ein s m\u00e1lo lesy se i takov\u00e9 d\u0159evo v\u017edy hodilo, pokud jste cht\u011bli\ntopit a va\u0159it. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech se proto zakl\u00e1daly i cel\u00e9 porosty vrb \u2013\nvrbovny, kter\u00e9 byly nepostradateln\u00fdm zdrojem d\u0159eva.\n\nBohu\u017eel v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se stromy \u010dasto ji\u017e\nneo\u0159ez\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Hlavat\u00e9 vrby se ale bez pravideln\u00e9ho o\u0159ezu neobejdou. Jejich v\u011btve\ntoti\u017e rostou tak rychle, \u017ee k\u0159ehk\u00fd kmen brzy svou vahou rozlom\u00ed, a vrba tak\nzanikne. A s n\u00ed zmiz\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i jej\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9, rozli\u010dn\u00e9 druhy\nhmyzu nebo pt\u00e1ci, kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Dlouhodob\u00e9 ponech\u00e1n\u00ed hlavat\u00fdch vrb bez o\u0159ezu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st a\u017e k jejich z\u00e1niku. Kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu m\u011bkk\u00e9mu d\u0159evu se neo\u0159ezan\u00e9 vrby mohou rozpadnout v d\u016fsledku vlastn\u00ed v\u00e1hy s\u00edl\u00edc\u00edch v\u011btv\u00ed.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Co je hlavat\u00fd strom? Hlavat\u00e9 stromy jsou stromy, kter\u00e9 v d\u016fsledku pravideln\u00e9ho o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btv\u00ed takzvan\u011b \u201ena hlavu\u201c vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, na horn\u00edm konci \u010dasto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd, zdu\u0159el\u00fd kmen. Z t\u00e9to \u201ehlavy\u201c pak rostou vzh\u016fru pruty nebo v\u011btve. Jde o strom vytvarovan\u00fd pravideln\u00fdm o\u0159ezem, nikoli zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed druh vrby. N\u011bkdy se hlavat\u00e9 vrby ozna\u010duj\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako vrby \u201ebabky\u201c. T\u00edmto tradi\u010dn\u00edm […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/martell.bc.cas.cz\/na-hlavu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/martell.bc.cas.cz\/na-hlavu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/martell.bc.cas.cz\/na-hlavu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martell.bc.cas.cz\/na-hlavu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martell.bc.cas.cz\/na-hlavu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=171"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/martell.bc.cas.cz\/na-hlavu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":205,"href":"https:\/\/martell.bc.cas.cz\/na-hlavu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171\/revisions\/205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/martell.bc.cas.cz\/na-hlavu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}